Представлено сочинение на английском языке Клонирование/ Cloning с переводом на русский язык.
Cloning | Клонирование |
The idea of cloning has always stirred fervent debate. Some say it’s immoral and unethical, others agree that it’s a great breakthrough in medical science. Animal cloning has been introduced almost twenty years ago from now and this has opened a number of possibilities for human cloning. | Идея клонирования всегда вызывала горячие дискуссии. Некоторые утверждают, что это аморально и неэтично, другие считают, что это большой прорыв в медицинской науке. Животное клонирование появилось почти двадцать лет назад, и это открыло ряд возможностей для клонирования человека. |
The benefits are mainly connected with producing spare body parts for those who are in need. Other than that the problem of infertility can be solved. People with physical disabilities or problems can be cloned with regenerated body parts or organs. | Преимущества, в основном, связаны с производством дополнительных частей тела для тех, кто в них нуждается. Кроме того проблема бесплодия может быть решена. Люди с ограниченными физическими возможностями или проблемами смогут быть клонированы с регенерированными частями тела или органами. |
However, imagine only what would happen if medics learn to clone anyone by simply stealing a sample of their DNA. A clone can be trained to commit evil deeds, for example, with the intention to blame the owner of the DNA. That sounds ridiculous, but sophisticated. Who knows, everything is possible nowadays. | Однако стоит только представить, что может произойти, если медики научатся клонировать кого-либо, просто украв образец их ДНК. Такой клон может быть обучен всяческим злодеяниям, например, с целью обвинить владельца ДНК. Это звучит смешно, но хитроумно. Кто знает, в настоящее время все возможно. |
One of the strongest arguments against cloning has ethical background. If a human clone is created and then killed after its organs have been used, churches are certainly against this act. All the religious texts prohibit murder, thus cloning for the use of spare body parts is impossible. | Один из самых сильных аргументов против клонирования имеет нравственную подоплеку. Если создать клон человека, а затем убить его, после того как его органы были использованы, церкви, конечно же, будут против этого акта. Во всех религиозных текстах убийство запрещено, поэтому клонирование для использования дополнительных частей тела невозможно. |
There is also an insoluble dilemma whether these cloned people will have the same rights as ordinary people or not. | Существует также неразрешимая дилемма по поводу того, смогут ли клонированные люди иметь те же права, что и у обычных людей или нет. |
In conclusion, I’d like to say that animal cloning has been a positive development, but human cloning is highly disputable. | В заключение, я хотел бы сказать, что клонирование животных было позитивным прорывом, но клонирование человека является весьма спорным. |
Cloning. Good Or Bad Essay, Research Paper
Cloning: Good or Bad
The rapid development of the technology for cloning has led to moral debates
around the world on whether or not to ban breathing human clones. While the potential
benefits of genetic engineering are considerable, so may be the potential dangers. We
have come to believe that all human beings are equal, but even more firmly, we are
taught to believe each one of us is unique. Is that idea undercut by cloning? That is, if
you can deliberately make any number of copies of an individual, is each one special?
Cloning could provide a way for infertile couples to produce children genetically similar
to themselves. Human cloning may provide numerous benefits to mankind. This is the
new world of cloning, and thanks to a 7-month-old sheep named Dolly, a new science has
been born. As with every new science, there are those who believe in it, and those who
oppose it. In the two articles that are covered in this paper, the first one, BBC NEWS:
Public Express Concern Over Cloning, is against cloning and the second article, THE
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE: Should Human Cloning Research Be Off
Limits, supports cloning. By reviewing the articles, they will tell the audience which has
a better claim by how well it s written.
The first article talks about the negatives of cloning, but doesn t back up the
information. For example, The survey found virtually no support for cloning for
reproductive purposes, even in those groups which might have been expected to be
sympathetic, such as infertile couples. (BBC NEWS, p.1) This article basically is just
stating how segments of the population feels about cloning and not backing it up with
data and other forms of evidence. Throughout the whole article, evidence is very hard to
find. It sounds like the editor felt that everyone knew what was going on in cloning and
not explaining in detail and backing up those claims from people.
The editor did not really have a strong thesis and did not have good rhetoric.
This article brings up the point that many do not agree with the use of cloning for human
purpose in order for parents to choose their child. The article should have gone further
and written up some more information such as, by reproducing characteristics that
parents desire would foul-up the diversity of society. If everyone was able to choose
what characteristics his or her child would have, most people would opt for the
characteristics of famous people who are either extremely smart or who are incredibly
good looking. The generation of the clone people would be so similar in ways of
thinking and in personality that the world would become a very boring place, if that were
the case. The replication and copying of DNA can cause damage to the genetic code. In
this case, it is possible for genetic disorders arise. If a sample of DNA is taken from a
younger person to copy, that person could be carrying a code for some sort of disorder
whose symptoms would not show until later in the person s life. Therefore, the exact
code that would be copied to make another human carries that disorder. There are many
things that need to be sorted out such as who can use cloning and how it will be
controlled so it does not cause problems. This would have been a good detailed
explanation with evidence.
The second article supports cloning and is very well written. The thesis is
completely in support of cloning, Like many others, we believe that any plan to ban
research on cloning human cells is seriously misguided. (New England Journal, p.1) and
back it up with lot of scientific evidence.
This article also states how genetic defects could also be cured with cloning
technology and gives good backing to it. A genetic defect is a mutation in which the
DNA has been altered and caused an abnormality in the body. People who wish to have
a child, could be tested for possible mutations in the DNA, and a genetic solution could
be created and injected into the still developing egg. Mutations are natural, but when it
causes an abnormality it is a hard thing for a person to live with. Through cloning
technology, genetic defects could be treated to the point where the person affected could
live a normal life. A mixture between two people s genetic structure could provide a
way for infertile couples or homosexual couples with a way to create a genetically related
child. The author also talks about the public s view and the respected views of many
distinguished scientists, biotechnology companies, and medical organizations in support
of cloning and then backs up cloning by saying how people could be hurt by not looking
into cloning and the benefits. The difficult ethical judgments about how to apply this
new technology can be made only with full knowledge of the scientific facts. (New
England Journal, p.3) The author talks about the need to really study this concept and
also puts pressure on his fellow colleagues to educate the public about the benefits of
cloning.
This article is also well written in a professional sense with good wording and
grammar. The first article was okay, but didn t seem to really sway the reader with the
lack of evidence and professionalism. The rhetoric in the second article is very strong
and clearly sways the audience by reading it. The first article only stated opinions and
couldn t really sway people toward accepting their view because there wasn t enough
evidence to prove it. The second article distinguished people from the scientific
community backing up this article, but the first article seemed to only have some
opinions of the public.
Judging by the quality of the two articles in persuading me to choose a side, the
second article in support of cloning really got me thinking toward their side. I liked their
professionalism and evidence backing up their claims. By having prestigious people
back up the subject, I really opened up my eyes. Then all the evidence just made sense
also due to the fact that it was written with a lot of professionalism. The thesis was also
well outlined in the second article. The rhetoric was so much better in the second article
because they sounded like they really believed in what they were saying and backed it up,
while the first article just had some views from the public without much evidence. The
second article was just written so much better and with more evidence to sway my
opinion in support of cloning.
Cloning. Good Or Bad Essay, Research
Paper
Cloning: Good or
Bad
The rapid
development of the technology for cloning has led to moral debates
around the world
on whether or not to ban breathing human clones. While the potential
benefits of
genetic engineering are considerable, so may be the potential
dangers. We
have come to
believe that all human beings are equal, but even more firmly, we are
taught to
believe each one of us is unique. Is that idea undercut by cloning?
That is, if
you can
deliberately make any number of copies of an individual, is each one
special?
Cloning could
provide a way for infertile couples to produce children genetically
similar
to themselves.
Human cloning may provide numerous benefits to mankind. This is the
new world of
cloning, and thanks to a 7-month-old sheep named Dolly, a new science
has
been born. As
with every new science, there are those who believe in it, and those
who
oppose it. In
the two articles that are covered in this paper, the first one, BBC
NEWS:
Public Express
Concern Over Cloning, is against cloning and the second article, THE
NEW ENGLAND
JOURNAL OF MEDICINE: Should Human Cloning Research Be Off
Limits, supports
cloning. By reviewing the articles, they will tell the audience which
has
a better claim
by how well it s written.
The first
article talks about the negatives of cloning, but doesn t back up the
information. For
example, The survey found virtually no support for cloning for
reproductive
purposes, even in those groups which might have been expected to be
sympathetic,
such as infertile couples . (BBC NEWS, p.1) This article basically is
just
stating how
segments of the population feels about cloning and not backing it up
with
data and other
forms of evidence. Throughout the whole article, evidence is very
hard to
find. It sounds
like the editor felt that everyone knew what was going on in cloning
and
not explaining
in detail and backing up those claims from people.
The editor did
not really have a strong thesis and did not have good rhetoric.
This article
brings up the point that many do not agree with the use of cloning
for human
purpose in order
for parents to choose their child. The article should have gone
further
and written up
some more information such as, by reproducing characteristics that
parents desire
would foul-up the diversity of society. If everyone was able to
choose
what
characteristics his or her child would have, most people would opt
for the
characteristics
of famous people who are either extremely smart or who are incredibly
good looking.
The generation of the clone people would be so similar in ways of
thinking and in
personality that the world would become a very boring place, if that
were
the case. The
replication and copying of DNA can cause damage to the genetic code.
In
this case, it is
possible for genetic disorders arise. If a sample of DNA is taken
from a
younger person
to copy, that person could be carrying a code for some sort of
disorder
whose symptoms
would not show until later in the person s life. Therefore, the exact
code that would
be copied to make another human carries that disorder. There are many
things that need
to be sorted out such as who can use cloning and how it will be
controlled so it
does not cause problems. This would have been a good detailed
explanation with
evidence.
The second
article supports cloning and is very well written. The thesis is
completely in
support of cloning, Like many others, we believe that any plan to ban
research on
cloning human cells is seriously misguided. (New England Journal,
p.1) and
back it up with
lot of scientific evidence.
This article
also states how genetic defects could also be cured with cloning
technology and
gives good backing to it. A genetic defect is a mutation in which the
DNA has been
altered and caused an abnormality in the body. People who wish to
have
a child, could
be tested for possible mutations in the DNA, and a genetic solution
could
be created and
injected into the still developing egg. Mutations are natural, but
when it
causes an
abnormality it is a hard thing for a person to live with. Through
cloning
technology,
genetic defects could be treated to the point where the person
affected could
live a normal
life. A mixture between two people s genetic structure could provide
a
way for
infertile couples or homosexual couples with a way to create a
genetically related
child. The
author also talks about the public s view and the respected views of
many
distinguished
scientists, biotechnology companies, and medical organizations in
support
of cloning and
then backs up cloning by saying how people could be hurt by not
looking
into cloning and
the benefits. The difficult ethical judgments about how to apply this
new technology
can be made only with full knowledge of the scientific facts. (New
England Journal,
p.3) The author talks about the need to really study this concept and
also puts
pressure on his fellow colleagues to educate the public about the
benefits of
cloning.
This article is
also well written in a professional sense with good wording and
grammar. The
first article was okay, but didn t seem to really sway the reader
with the
lack of evidence
and professionalism. The rhetoric in the second article is very
strong
and clearly
sways the audience by reading it. The first article only stated
opinions and
couldn t really
sway people toward accepting their view because there wasn t enough
evidence to
prove it. The second article distinguished people from the scientific
community
backing up this article, but the first article seemed to only have
some
opinions of the
public.
Judging by the
quality of the two articles in persuading me to choose a side, the
second article
in support of cloning really got me thinking toward their side. I
liked their
professionalism
and evidence backing up their claims. By having prestigious people
back up the
subject, I really opened up my eyes. Then all the evidence just made
sense
also due to the
fact that it was written with a lot of professionalism. The thesis
was also
well outlined in
the second article. The rhetoric was so much better in the second
article
because they
sounded like they really believed in what they were saying and backed
it up,
while the first
article just had some views from the public without much evidence.
The
second article
was just written so much better and with more evidence to sway my
opinion in
support of cloning.