Текст What can we do to reduce traffic in our city? с переводом.
What can we do to reduce traffic in our city?
Что мы можем сделать, чтобы снизить движение в наше городе?
| Heavy traffic is one of the most serious problems that our cities have to deal with nowadays. What can we do, then, to reduce traffic in our city centres? | Оживленное движение – это одна из самых серьезных проблем, с которой должны иметь дело наши города сегодня. Тогда что же мы можем сделать, чтобы снизить движение в центрах наших городов? | |
| To begin with, it is important to improve public transport and to encourage people to use it to commute to work and to school. The result would be fewer cars in the city and consequently fewer traffic jams. | Для начала важно улучшить общественный транспорт и побудить людей использовать его, чтобы добираться до работы или до школы. Результатом станет меньшее количество машин в городе и, как следствие, меньшее количество дорожных пробок. | |
| Another solution would be to encourage people to participate in car sharing programmes. This means several employees would share one car to work instead of each coming in their own car. Again, this would reduce the number of cars on the streets. | Еще одним решением могло бы быть стимулирование людей к участию в программах по совместному использованию машин. Это значит, что несколько работников используют один автомобиль, чтобы доехать до работы, вместо того, чтобы каждый ехал в своем собственном. Опять же это снизит количество машин на улицах. | |
| Finally, it would be a good idea to create more cycling lanes. If this was done, people would be encouraged to cycle instead of taking their car. | В конце концов, было бы замечательно создать больше велосипедных дорожек. Если бы это было сделано, люди бы чувствовали побуждение ездить на велосипедах вместо использования своих машин. | |
| To sum up, there are many ways to reduce traffic in the city. Applying just some of these ideas would result in a lot less traffic in our cities. | В заключение, существует много способов уменьшить движение в городе. Применение лишь нескольких из этих идей приведет к гораздо меньшему движению в наших городах. |
Источник: Spotlight, 8 класс, модуль 5e.
What can we do to reduce traffic in our city?
1) Heavy traffic is one of the most serious problems that our cities have to deal with nowadays. What can we do, then, to reduce traffic in our city centres?
2) To begin with, it is important to improve public transport and to encourage people to use it to commute to work and to school. The result would be fewer cars in the city and consequently fewer traffic jams.
3) Another solution would be to encourage people to participate in car sharing programmes. This means several employees would share one car to work instead of each coming in their own car. Again, this would reduce the number of cars on the streets.
4) Finally, it would be a good idea to create more cycling lanes. If this was done, people would be encouraged to cycle instead of taking their car.
5) To sum up, there are many ways to reduce traffic in the city. Applying just some of these ideas would result in a lot less traffic in our cities.
1) Suggestions
1 Ban cars from city centres.
2 Make drivers pay a tax for driving into the city.
3 Improve public transport.
4 Build car parks outside city limits.
5 Promote car-pooling (drivers take turns driving others into the city).
Results
a) People will think twice about using their cars if it costs them money.
b) People will choose to use buses, trams or trains; there will be less traffic, and less pollution.
c) Drivers will leave their cars outside the city; there will be fewer cars being driven in the city.
d) Traffic will be reduced. For example, instead of four people driving four cars, there will be one car with four people in it.
e) There will be no cars at all; it will be safer and healthier for people who work and live in the city centre.
2) Essays providing solutions to problems are normally written in a formal style, and so you should avoid using colloquial expressions, short forms or personal language. In the first paragraph we state the problem. In the main body paragraphs we write our suggestions supported by possible results. We write our suggestions in separate paragraphs. In the conclusion we summarise our suggestions.
3a) To introduce suggestions: To begin/start with, One way to, Another solution would be, Another way to … would be …
To express effect: thus, therefore, as a result, consequently, so, as a consequence To conclude: All in all, To sum up, All things considered
5) What are we going to do with all this litter?
Suggestions
1 Fine people who litter.
2 Get young people involved in clean-up programmes.
3 Set up recycling schemes in your area.
4 Only buy products with biodegradable1 packaging.
Results
a) If people know thai they will have to pay it they litter, they will stop doing it.
b) This way landfill sites will not become so full.
c) They will become interested in keeping parks and their neighbourhoods clean and tidy.
Автор:
Манаков Валерий Валерьевич
Проблема дорог-одна из остновных проблем в наши дни. В данной работе предложены способы уменьшения дорожного движения в центре города и возможные их последствия
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What can we do to reduce traffic in our city?
Heavy traffic is one of serious problems that our cities have to deal with. What can we do to reduce heavy traffic in our city centers?
First of all, we can basically ban cars from city centers. If people have to choose public transport, there will be less trafic, and less pollution. But this solution is not the only one that can be achieved.
Another solution is to make drivers pay a tax for driving into a city. People, in this case, will think twice before using their cars to locate inside the city limits, if it costs them money.
Another way is to improve public city transport. This will make buses, trams and trains way more popular than cars, so people will choose them much more often.
We can also build car parks outside of city limits, so drivers will leave their cars inside special places, where pollution wouldn’t be that much of a problem.
Finally, we could promote car-pulling. It is when drivers take turns driving others into the city. Car-pulling can totally decrease amounts of transport inside the city limits – instead of four people in four cars there will be four people in one car.
To sum up, there are many ways to reduce, or basically stop, pollution spreading, so, if people choose to work together, they will clean our cities in one go!
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5e. Writing Skills — Навыки письма
1. Match the suggestions to the results. Which ideas are mentioned in the text in Ex. 2? Listen, read and check. — Сопоставьте предложения с результатами. Какие идеи упомянуты в тексте в упражнении 2? Послушайте, прочитайте и проверьте.
What can we do to reduce traffic in our city?
Heavy traffic is one of the most serious problems that our cities have to deal with nowadays. What can we do, then, to reduce traffic in our city centres?
To begin with, it is important to improve public transport and to encourage people to use it to commute to work and to school. The result would be fewer cars in the city and consequently fewer traffic jams.
Another solution would be to encourage people to participate in car-sharing programmes. This means several employees would share one car to work instead of each coming in their own car. Consequently, this would reduce the number of cars on the streets.
Finally, it would be a good idea to create more cycling lanes. If this was done, people would be encouraged to cycle instead of taking their car.
To sum up, there are many ways to reduce traffic in the city. Applying just some of these ideas would result in a lot less traffic in our cities.
Что мы можем сделать, чтобы уменьшить траффик в нашем городе?
Интенсивное дорожное движение — одна из самых серьезных проблем, с которыми сталкиваются города в наши дни. Что мы можем сделать, чтобы сократить траффик в центрах городов.
Для начала, важно улучшить общественный транспорт и поощрять людей использовать его в поездках на работу и в школу. В результате будет меньше машин в городе и, следовательно, меньше пробок.
Еще одним решением было бы поощрение людей участвовать в программах кар-шеринга. Это значит, что несколько работников использовали бы один автомобиль вместо того, чтобы каждый приезжал на собственном автомобиле. Следовательно, это уменьшило бы количество машин на улицах.
Наконец, было бы неплохо создать больше велосипедных дорожек. Если сделать так, людей можно было поощрить ездить на велосипеде вместо автомобиля.
Подводя итог, есть много способов уменьшить интенсивность движения в городе. Применение некоторых из предложенных идей привело бы к меньшему траффику в наших городах.
Ответ:
1. Ban cars from city centres. — e) There will be no cars at all; it will be safer and healthier for people who work and live in the city centre. — Запретить машины в центрах городов. — Там вообще не будет машин; будет безопаснее и полезно для здоровья людей, которые работают и живут в центре города.
2. Make drivers pay a tax for driving into the city. — a) People will think twice about using their cars if it costs them money. — Заставить водителей платить налог за езду в городе. — Люди дважды подумают прежде чем использовать автомобили, если это будет стоить им денег.
3. Improve public transport. — b) People will choose to use buses, trams or trains; there will be less traffic and less pollution. — Улучшить общественный транспорт. — Люди выберут автобусы, трамваи или поезда; будет меньше траффика и выхлопных газов.
4. Build car parks outside city limits. — с) Drivers will leave their cars outside the city; there will be fewer cars being driven in the city. — Построить парковки на границах города. — Водители будут оставлять свои машины за городом, в самом городе будет ездить меньше машин.
5. Promote car-pooling (drivers take turns driving others into the city). — d) Traffic will be reduced. For example, instead of four people driving four cars, there will be one car with four people in it. — Пропагандировать совместное использование автомобилей (водители по-очереди возят друг друга по городу). — Интенсивность движения будет снижена. Например, вместо четырех людей за рулями четырех машин, будет одна машина с четырьмя людьми в ней.
Дополнительный ответ:
Ideas in essay: — Идеи в эссе:
- To improve public transport — Улучшить общественный транспорт.
- To encourage car-sharing programmes — Поощрить использование программ кар-шеринга.
- To create more cycling lanes — Создать больше велосипедных дорожек.
2. Read the theory box, then read the essay again. What is the writer’s opinion? In which paragraph does he mention it? — Прочитайте теорию в рамке, затем прочитайте эссе еще раз. Какое мнение у автора? В каком абзаце он это упоминает.
Essays providing solutions to problems are normally written in a formal style, and so you should avoid using colloquial expressions, short forms or personal language. In the first paragraph, we state the problem. In the main body paragraphs, we write our suggestions supported by possible results. We write our suggestions in separate paragraphs. In the conclusion, we summarise our suggestions.
Эссе, предлагающие решения проблем, обычно пишутся в формальном стиле, поэтому нужно избегать использования разговорных выражений, коротких форм или личностного стиля. В первом абзаце мы обозначаем проблему. В абзацах главной части мы пишем наши предложения, подкрепленные возможными результатами. Мы пишем наши предложения в разных абзацах. В заключение, мы подводим итог нашим предложениям.
Можно ответить так:
Heavy traffic is a serious problem in our cities. That’s the writer’s opinion. The writer also thinks that there are many different ways to solve this problem. The writer gives his opinion in the first and the last paragraphs.
Интенсивное дорожное движение — серьезная проблема в наших городах. Таково мнение автора. Автор также думает, что есть много способов решить эту проблему. Автор высказывает свое мнение в первом и последнем абзацах.
3A. Read the table. Find examples in the essay in Ex. 2. Say these phrases in your language. — Прочитайте текст в рамке. Найдите примеры в эссе в упражнении 2. Произнесите эти фразы на вашем языке.
To introduce suggestions: To begin/start with, One way to, Another solution would be, Another way to … would be … — Чтобы представить предложение: Для начала, Один способ…, Другое решение могло бы…, Другой способ … смог бы…
To express effect: thus, therefore, as a result, consequently, so, as a consequence — Чтобы показать эффект: таким образом, вследствие этого, как результат, следовательно, поэтому, в результате
To conclude: All in all, To sum up, All things considered — В заключение: В конечном счете, Подводя итог, Принимая все во внимание
Ответ:
- To introduce suggestions: To begin with …; Another solution would be … — Начнем с…; Другим решением может быть…
- To express effect: The result would be …; Consequently — Результатом может быть…; Следовательно…
- To conclude: To sum up … — Подводя итог…
3В. Replace some of these examples in the text with suitable alternatives from the table. — Замените некоторые из этих примеров в тексте подходящей альтернативой из таблицы.
Можно ответить так:
- To begin with … можно заменить на To start with…
- Another solution would be … можно заменить на Another way to … would be …
- The result would be … можно заменить на as a result…
- Consequently … можно заменить на as a consequence…
- To sum up … можно заменить на All in all…
What can we do to reduce traffic in our city?
1) Heavy traffic is one of the most serious problems that our cities have to deal with nowadays. What can we do, then, to reduce traffic in our city centres?
2) To begin with, it is important to improve public transport and to encourage people to use it to commute to work and to school. The result would be fewer cars in the city and consequently fewer traffic jams.
3) Another solution would be to encourage people to participate in car sharing programmes. This means several employees would share one car to work instead of each coming in their own car. Again, this would reduce the number of cars on the streets.
4) Finally, it would be a good idea to create more cycling lanes. If this was done, people would be encouraged to cycle instead of taking their car.
5) To sum up, there are many ways to reduce traffic in the city. Applying just some of these ideas would result in a lot less traffic in our cities.
1) Suggestions
1 Ban cars from city centres.
2 Make drivers pay a tax for driving into the city.
3 Improve public transport.
4 Build car parks outside city limits.
5 Promote car-pooling (drivers take turns driving others into the city).
Results
a) People will think twice about using their cars if it costs them money.
b) People will choose to use buses, trams or trains; there will be less traffic, and less pollution.
c) Drivers will leave their cars outside the city; there will be fewer cars being driven in the city.
d) Traffic will be reduced. For example, instead of four people driving four cars, there will be one car with four people in it.
e) There will be no cars at all; it will be safer and healthier for people who work and live in the city centre.
2) Essays providing solutions to problems are normally written in a formal style, and so you should avoid using colloquial expressions, short forms or personal language. In the first paragraph we state the problem. In the main body paragraphs we write our suggestions supported by possible results. We write our suggestions in separate paragraphs. In the conclusion we summarise our suggestions.
3a) To introduce suggestions: To begin/start with, One way to, Another solution would be, Another way to … would be …
To express effect: thus, therefore, as a result, consequently, so, as a consequence To conclude: All in all, To sum up, All things considered
5) What are we going to do with all this litter?
Suggestions
1 Fine people who litter.
2 Get young people involved in clean-up programmes.
3 Set up recycling schemes in your area.
4 Only buy products with biodegradable1 packaging.
Results
a) If people know thai they will have to pay it they litter, they will stop doing it.
b) This way landfill sites will not become so full.
c) They will become interested in keeping parks and their neighbourhoods clean and tidy.
What can we do to reduce traffic in our city?
1) Heavy traffic is one of the most serious problems that our cities have to deal with nowadays. What can we do, then, to reduce traffic in our city centres?
2) To begin with, it is important to improve public transport and to encourage people to use it to commute to work and to school. The result would be fewer cars in the city and consequently fewer traffic jams.
3) Another solution would be to encourage people to participate in car sharing programmes. This means several employees would share one car to work instead of each coming in their own car. Again, this would reduce the number of cars on the streets.
4) Finally, it would be a good idea to create more cycling lanes. If this was done, people would be encouraged to cycle instead of taking their car.
5) To sum up, there are many ways to reduce traffic in the city. Applying just some of these ideas would result in a lot less traffic in our cities.
1) Suggestions
1 Ban cars from city centres.
2 Make drivers pay a tax for driving into the city.
3 Improve public transport.
4 Build car parks outside city limits.
5 Promote car-pooling (drivers take turns driving others into the city).
Results
a) People will think twice about using their cars if it costs them money.
b) People will choose to use buses, trams or trains; there will be less traffic, and less pollution.
c) Drivers will leave their cars outside the city; there will be fewer cars being driven in the city.
d) Traffic will be reduced. For example, instead of four people driving four cars, there will be one car with four people in it.
e) There will be no cars at all; it will be safer and healthier for people who work and live in the city centre.
2) Essays providing solutions to problems are normally written in a formal style, and so you should avoid using colloquial expressions, short forms or personal language. In the first paragraph we state the problem. In the main body paragraphs we write our suggestions supported by possible results. We write our suggestions in separate paragraphs. In the conclusion we summarise our suggestions.
3a) To introduce suggestions: To begin/start with, One way to, Another solution would be, Another way to … would be …
To express effect: thus, therefore, as a result, consequently, so, as a consequence To conclude: All in all, To sum up, All things considered
5) What are we going to do with all this litter?
Suggestions
1 Fine people who litter.
2 Get young people involved in clean-up programmes.
3 Set up recycling schemes in your area.
4 Only buy products with biodegradable1 packaging.
Results
a) If people know thai they will have to pay it they litter, they will stop doing it.
b) This way landfill sites will not become so full.
c) They will become interested in keeping parks and their neighbourhoods clean and tidy.