Cum laude диплом с отличием

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Диплом с отличием

Который раз пребываю в тупике, столкнувшись с этой, с позволенья сказать, реалией. Как это перевести на английский? Во-первых, для английских ушей как-то естественнее звучит Degree, а не Diploma; между тем, то, что выдавали ещё в Советском Союзе, как-то «принято», что ли, переводить всё ж как Diploma. По-видимому, никого такой перевод слишком не озадачивал, во всяком случае на американском континенте. Похоже, что здесь люди, которые смотрят эти документы, не делают различия в том как они называются. Да и они давно привыкли, что документы о высшем образовании выданные в бывшем Союзе, а теперь и в странах СНГ, называются традиционно дипломами. Как соответствует этот диплом их степеням, это они решают на основании заключения credentialing agency (или чего-то в этом роде).

Но всё-таки. Как бы вы…?

Бывает magna cum laude и summa cum laude, понятные в Штатах. Бывает британское Honours degree with distinction. Слово «diploma» мне нейтивы советовали избегать, потому что «a diploma is either received (I’m talking UK here) for post-school vocational studies or as an additional vocational qualification post-first degree (normally 1 year). If you call what you have a diploma, you are shortchanging yourself!» — и this particular native-speaker советовал перевести это дело как first class honours (degree) with distinction. А русские переводчики «советской» закалки переводят как Diploma with Honours или ещё Honourous Diploma — либо Diploma with Distinction.

Как быть-то?

The meaning of cum laude is «with praise» or «with honor» in Latin and represents an academic level of achievement. Educational institutions use the phrase to signify an academic degree awarded to someone with honorable excellence in academic coursework. It is a mark of distinction that some students and others use on their resumes to illustrate their success in their higher education.

Cum laude is one of three commonly used Latin honors designations recognized in the United States, the other two being summa cum laude and magna cum laude. The terms come from Latin, so they are often called Latin honors. They are common in the United States, but very few countries around the world use them. This honor is awarded due to academic success and reflects strong grades.

Understanding Cum Laude

Cum laude signifies a distinguished level of academic achievement. An even higher distinction is magna cum laude, which means «with high honor» or «with high praise.» And summa cum laude bestows the highest honor or praise on its recipient. 

The guidelines by which each level of academic honor is achieved differ at academic institutions. Each university or college typically outlines its expectations for each award.

The criteria for earning Latin honors may include grade-point average (GPA), class ranking, the number of credit hours completed, and other academic achievements.

Students receiving Latin honors are typically recognized during graduation ceremonies, and the designation appears on the student’s diploma. Students graduating with honors may also be allowed to wear some special symbol, like a specific sash or tassel on their mortarboard.

Obtaining Cum Laude

Some universities bestow Latin honors at certain GPA levels. Typically, a GPA of 3.5 or higher is required to receive the cum laude designation, with higher GPAs necessary for magna cum laude and summa cum laude. The designation is based only on an individual student’s final GPA.

Other universities reserve Latin honors for a stated percentage of each graduating class. That means only a top percentage of a class may receive any honors, and smaller percentages of the student body may receive the magna cum laude and summa cum laude honors designations.

An outstanding GPA alone may not be enough to earn these honors at Ivy League universities and other highly competitive schools. Faculty committees also consider students’ academic records and other academic achievements, like outstanding papers, published articles, and well-researched assignments. The professors will usually recommend honors for exceptional students.

The Bottom Line

«Cum laude» is a Latin word used in educational institutions as a mark of distinction, representing honorable excellence in coursework. The cum laude designation is often included in resumes by potential job candidates to demonstrate their success in academics and put themselves above the competition. Cum laude is determined by GPA or other academic achievements and is most often used in the United States.

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Просмотр полной версии : Латинские награды

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vBulletin® v3.8.8, Copyright ©2000-2023, vBulletin Solutions, Inc. Перевод: zCarot

Латинские награды представляют собой фразы на латыни, показывающие уровень отличия при получении академической награды.

Выделяюся следующие типы латинских наград (в порядке увеличения отличия):

• лат. cum laude (кум лауде, с почётом);
• лат. magna cum laude (магна кум лауде, с большим почётом);
• лат. insigni cum laude (инсигни кум лауде, с заметным почётом);
• лат. maxima cum laude (максима кум лауде, с максимальным почётом);
• лат. summa cum laude (сумма кум лауде, с наибольшим почётом);
• лат. egregia cum laude или лат. eximia cum laude (эгрегиа/эксимиа кум лауде, с исключительным почётом).

Обычный, не отмеченный никакой степенью почёта, уровень иногда называется «rite» (удовлетворительно), а неудовлетворительный — «sub omni canone» (ниже всех стандартов). Уровень отличия часто указывается прямо в дипломе. Как правило, учебное заведение имеет чёткие правила для данных наград, зафиксированные в уставе. Латинские награды были введены в 1881 году в Англии, а позже распространились и в США и в других странах, причём правила могут существенно отличаться. Например, в Германии «кум лауде» — это весьма скромная оценка 2.0, примерно соответствующая нашей четвёрке, «магна» — это 1.0 (наша пятёрка), а «сумма» — ещё меньше (официальная «пятёрка с плюсом»). В Финляндии распространённых почётных уровней целых шесть: lubenter approbatur (принято с удовольствием), non sine laude approbatur (принято не без почёта), cum laude approbatur (принято с почётом), magna cum laude approbatur (принято с большим почётом), eximia cum laude approbatur (принято с исключительным почётом) и laudatur (восхвалено), причём получают даже высокие степени наград довольно много выпускников (например, 33 % магистров получают «кум лауде», 5 % выпускников техникумов — «лаудатур»). В Нидерландах при защите диссертации доктора философии есть только обычный «кум лауде», который выдаётся крайне редко в исключительных обстоятельствах. В Италии «кум лауде» используется только при максимальной оценке как способ отличить «отличника» от «выдающегося отличника», но применимо не только к дипломам, а вообще ко всем экзаменам.

Из-за таких различий в международном общении стараются употреблять «сумма кум лауде», когда это возможно, потому что этот уровень приравнивается к максимально достижимому баллу вне зависимости от прочих правил и самой системы оценок («эгрегиа» — это тоже наилучшая оценка, но при обучении по спецпрограмме). Выпускникам российских учебных учреждений при написании англоязычного curriculum vitae или резюме можно указывать следующие латинские названия:

• для выпускников школ:
  • кум лауде — серебряная школьная медаль (так как это просто знак отличия)
  • магна кум лауде — золотая школьная медаль (так как это больше серебряной медали, но её можно получить с четвёрками в четверти)
• для выпускников вузов:
  • магна кум лауде — красный диплом (так как балл 4.75+ и 2 % получивших — это явно больше обычного «кум лауде»)
  • сумма кум лауде — красный диплом, где все дисциплины сданы с оценкой «отлично» (так как это определение «сумма …»)

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summa cum laude

существительное

диплом с отличием

м.р.

He graduated summa cum laude from Harvard Medical School.

У него диплом с отличием из Гарвардской Медицинской школы.

Контексты

He graduated summa cum laude from Harvard Medical School.
У него диплом с отличием из Гарвардской Медицинской школы.

24 years old, and she graduated summa cum laude from Vanderbilt University.
Возраст 24 года, диплом с отличием Университета Вандербильт.

Graduating summa cum laude from both Cambridge and Harvard is quite the failure.
Конечно, дипломы с отличием из Кембриджа и Гарварда ничего не значат.

Graduated from Yale, summa cum laude, 1972, followed by an MBA from Wharton three years later.
Окончил Йельский университет, диплом с отличием в 1972, Обучался в академии Вартон тремя годами позже.

Advanced university degree in political science (summa cum laude) with specialization in international relations and international law, University of Florence, 1973.
Почетный бакалавр политических наук (диплом с высшим отличием) со специализацией- международные отношения и международное право, Флорентийский университет, 1973 год.

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диплом с отличием — перевод на английский

Показать ещё примеры…

Latin honors are a system of Latin phrases used in some colleges and universities to indicate the level of distinction with which an academic degree has been earned. The system is primarily used in the United States. It is also used in some Southeastern Asian countries with European colonial history, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, although sometimes translations of these phrases are used instead of the Latin originals. The honors distinction should not be confused with the honors degrees offered in some countries, or with honorary degrees.

The system usually has three levels of honor: cum laude, magna cum laude, and summa cum laude. Generally, a college or university’s regulations set out definite criteria a student must meet to obtain a given honor. For example, the student might be required to achieve a specific grade point average, submit an honors thesis for evaluation, be part of an honors program, or graduate early. Each school sets its own standards. Since these standards vary, the same level of Latin honors conferred by different institutions can represent different levels of achievement. Similarly, some institutions grant equivalent (or additional) non-Latin honors to undergraduates. The University of Wisconsin–Madison, for example, has a series of plain English grading honors based on class standing.^[1] Some colleges and universities, such as Reed College and Yale Law School, do not use honors at all.

These honors, when they are used, are almost always awarded to undergraduates earning their bachelor’s, and, with the exception of law school graduates, much more rarely to graduate students receiving their master’s or doctorate degree. The honor is typically indicated on the diploma. Latin honors are often conferred upon law school students graduating as a Juris Doctor or J.D., in which case they are generally based upon class rank or grade point average.

English-speaking countries[edit]

United States[edit]

Distinctions[edit]

In the United States, most colleges and universities use Latin honors for bachelor’s degrees and the Juris Doctor law degree. They are not normally used for any other degrees, such as master’s degrees or the PhD and MD degrees.

There are three standard levels of Latin honors, listed below in ascending order:

• cum laude (English: ), meaning «with praise», typically awarded to graduates in the top 20%, 25%, or 30% of their class, depending on the institution.^[2][3]
• magna cum laude (), meaning «with great praise», typically awarded to graduates in the top 5%, 10%, or 15% of their class, depending on the institution.
• summa cum laude (), meaning «with highest praise», typically awarded to graduates in the top 1%, 2%, or 5% of their class, depending on the institution. Some institutions do not award the summa cum laude distinction or only award it in extraordinary circumstances.

History[edit]

In 1869, Harvard College became the first college in the United States to award final honors to its graduates. From 1872 to 1879, cum laude and summa cum laude were the two Latin honors awarded to graduates. Beginning in 1880, magna cum laude was also awarded:

The Faculty then prepared regulations for recommending candidates for the Bachelor’s degree, either for an ordinary degree or for a degree with distinction; the grades of distinction being summa cum laude, magna cum laude, and cum laude. The degree summa cum laude is for those who have attained ninety percent on the general scale, or have received Highest Honors in any department, and carries with it the assignment of an oration on the list of Commencement parts; the degree magna cum laude is for those who have attained eighty percent on the general scale, or have received Honors in any department, and carries with it the assignment of a dissertation; and the degree cum laude is to be given to those who attain seventy-five percent on the general scale, and to those who receive Honorable Mention in any study together with sixty-five percent on the general scale, or seventy percent on the last three years, or seventy-five percent on the last two.

— Annual Reports of the President and Treasurer of Harvard College, 1877–78

In his 1895 history of Amherst College, college historian William Seymour Tyler traced Amherst’s system of Latin honors to 1881, and attributed it to Amherst College president Julius Hawley Seelye:

Instead of attempting to fix the rank of every individual student by minute divisions on a scale of a hundred as formerly, five grades of scholarship were established and degrees were conferred upon the graduating classes according to their grades. If a student was found to be in the first or lowest grade, he was not considered as a candidate for a degree, though he might receive a certificate stating the facts in regard to his standing; if he appeared in the second grade the degree of A.B. was conferred upon him rite; if in the third, cum laude; if in the fourth, magna cum laude; while if he reached the fifth grade he received the degree summa cum laude. The advantages of this course, as stated to the trustees by the president, are that it properly discriminates between those who, though passing over the same course of study, have done it with great differences of merit and of scholarship, and that it furnishes a healthy incentive to the best work without exciting an excessive spirit of emulation.

The new system of administration, of which the above is a part, is so original and peculiar that it is known as the Amherst System.

— A History of Amherst College During the Administrations of Its First Five Presidents, from 1821 to 1891^[4]

United Kingdom[edit]

In the UK the Latin cum laude is used in commemorative Latin versions of degree certificates sold by a few universities (e.g. the University of Edinburgh) to denote a bachelor’s degree with honors, but the honors classification is stated as in English, e.g. primi ordinis for first class rather than summa cum laude, etc. Official degree certificates use English.^[5]

Other countries[edit]

For undergraduate degrees, Latin honors are used in only a few countries such as Israel, Indonesia, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Canada. Most countries use a different scheme, such as the British undergraduate degree classification (usually used in Commonwealth countries) which is more widely used with varying criteria and nomenclature depending on country, including Australia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, the United Kingdom, Zimbabwe and many other countries. Malta shows the Latin honors on the degree certificates, but the UK model is shown on the transcript.

Austria[edit]

In Austria, the only Latin honor in use is sub auspiciis Praesidentis rei publicae («under the auspices of the president of the republic») for doctoral degrees. Candidates must have consistently excellent grades throughout high school and university, making it very difficult to attain: only about 20 out of a total of 2,500 doctoral graduates per year (i.e. 0.8%) achieve a sub auspiciis degree.

Belgium[edit]

In Belgium, the university degree awarded is limited to:^[6]

• cum fructu <68% (satisfaction in French, op voldoende wijze in Dutch)
• cum laude >68% (avec distinction in French, met onderscheiding in Dutch)
• magna cum laude >77% (avec grande distinction in French, met grote onderscheiding in Dutch)
• summa cum laude >85% (avec la plus grande distinction in French, met grootste onderscheiding in Dutch)
• summa cum laude with the congratulations of the examination committee >90% (avec la plus grande distinction avec félicitations du jury in French, met grootste onderscheiding en de gelukwensen van de examencommissie in Dutch)

Brazil[edit]

In Brazil, most universities do not provide honors to their students. Among the few universities that do so, the Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA—Technological Institute of Aeronautics) awards the cum laude honor for graduates with every individual grade above 8.5 (out of 10.0), the magna cum laude honor for graduates with average grade above 8.5 and more than 50% of individual grades above 9.5, and the summa cum laude honor for graduates with average grade above 9.5. As of 2009, only 22 graduates have received the summa cum laude honor at ITA. The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro awards the cum laude honor for graduates with average grade from 8.0 to 8.9, the magna cum laude honor for graduates with average grade from 9.0 to 9.4, and the summa cum laude honor for graduates with average grade from 9.5 to 10.0. The Federal University of Ceará awards the magna cum laude honor for undergraduates who have never failed a course, achieved an average grade from 8.5 (out of 10.0) and have received a fellowship of both Academic Extension and Teaching Initiation.

Estonia[edit]

In Estonia, up until 2010 both summa cum laude and cum laude were used. Summa cum laude was awarded only for very exceptional work. Since 1 September 2010, only cum laude is used. It is awarded to bachelors, masters and integrated studies graduates. Occasionally the word kiitusega, which means «with praise», is substituted for the usual cum laude. To receive cum laude one must achieve a 4.60 GPA (out of 5) and receive the highest grade (A – 5.00) for the thesis or the final examination.^[7]

Finland[edit]

The Finnish Matriculation Examinations at the end of lukio/gymnasium uses the grades of: improbatur (I, failing; «not accepted»), approbatur (A; «accepted»), lubenter approbatur (B; «willingly accepted»), cum laude approbatur (C; «accepted with praise»), magna cum laude approbatur (M; «accepted with great praise»), eximia cum laude approbatur (E; «accepted with excellent praise») and laudatur (L; «praised»). They are roughly equivalent to Finnish school grades ranging from 4 to 10. Some Finnish universities, when grading master’s theses and doctoral dissertations, use the same scale with the additional grade of non sine laude approbatur (N; «accepted not without praise») between lubenter and cum laude; technical universities use a numerical scale (1–5) instead.

France[edit]

In France, usually the French honors mention très bien («very good mention»), mention bien («good mention»), and mention assez bien («quite good mention») are used. However some Grandes Écoles, like the Institut d’études politiques de Paris, HEC Paris, use the Latin and English titles «summa cum laude» / «graduated with highest honors» for the top 2% and «cum laude» / «graduated with honors» for the next 5% of a year. From 2016, honorifics ceased to be used for the completion of a PhD.^[8]

Germany[edit]

In Germany, the range of degrees is:

• sub omni canone («below any scale», fail, numerical grade 5.0) (see Sub omni canone in German Wikipedia)
• non sufficit or non rite («insufficient», fail, numerical grade 4.0–5.0),
• rite («duly» conferred, that is, the requirements are fulfilled, numerical grade 3.0–4.0),
• satis bene – or no additional comment («satisfying», numerical grade 3.0),
• cum laude («with honors», numerical grade 2.0),
• magna cum laude («with great honors», numerical grade 1.0),
• summa cum laude («with highest honors», numerical grade < 1.0).

These degrees are mostly used when a doctorate is conferred, not for diplomas, bachelor’s or master’s degrees, for which numerical grades between 1.0 («very good») and 4.0 («pass»), and 5.0 («fail»), are given.

Hungary[edit]

In Hungary, the range of degrees—similar to the German system—is: rite («duly» conferred, that is, the requirements are fulfilled), cum laude (with honors), summa cum laude (with highest honors). These degrees are used in university diplomas and in certain fields of sciences (medical, legal and a very few others) only. The grades of degrees are dependent on the received average points from final exams and from average points from the university studies.

Italy[edit]

In Italy, the cum laude notation (con lode being the equivalent in Italian) is used as an increasing level of the highest grade for both exams (30/30) and degrees (110/110), in all its levels;
Passing an exam cum laude (30 e lode) has usually only an honorific meaning, but sometimes it influences the average grade and can be useful to the student so honored (usually weighting 31/30). «30 e lode» is usually awarded after answering correctly a bonus difficult question at the oral examination.

In Italy 110 e lode (at institutions using a 110-point system) is the highest rank that can be achieved during the academic studies, and corresponds usually to a final score greater than 110/110 (the specific threshold varies from university to university). Up to 3 bonus points can be awarded for merits, e.g. having an average exams score greater than 28.5/30 (95% equivalent), excellent final project or for graduating on time. More notations include: bacio e abbraccio accademico («academic kiss and embrace»), menzione d’onore («honor mention»), and dignità di stampa («dignity of printing»), and were given based on various university-specific requirements, but without a legal value.

Malta[edit]

In Malta, for Bachelor Honours degrees summa cum laude refers to first class honours, magna cum laude refers to second class honours (upper division), cum laude refers to second class honours (lower division), whilst bene probatus refers to third class honours. Professional degrees lasting longer than the standard 3 years such as the 5 year Bachelor of Pharmacy are awarded egregia cum laude. Postgraduate diplomas and master’s degrees may be awarded as pass with distinction (summa cum laude), pass with merit (magna cum laude), or pass (bene probatus).

Mexico[edit]

In Mexico, cum laude (also known as mención honorífica in Spanish) is used, by the major universities, to recognize an outstanding dissertation for bachelor’s, master’s and PhD degrees. Also different awards on public and private universities are given to the student with the highest final grade average (i.e. Presea Lázaro Cárdenas [es] or Gabino Barreda Medal) and a diploma is given as a form of cum laude.

Netherlands[edit]

In the Netherlands two classes of honors may be used for bachelor’s, master’s and PhD programs: cum laude (with honor) and summa cum laude (with highest honor). Typically these distinctions are reserved to mark exceptional achievement above a high minimum grade point average. Sometimes it is lost, despite a high average mark, when the student gets a mark of 6 or lower for one of the many exams (on a scale of 1–10, where 10 is the highest). It may also be awarded based on the weighted average of first achieved grades for each subject only. Generally, less than 2% receive the cum laude distinction. It is also possible to receive a PhD degree cum laude, although this honor is even rarer than for master’s graduates. In view of the difficulty and subjectivity of determining this, some universities and fields of study very seldom award doctorates cum laude. At Dutch university colleges cum laude, magna cum laude and, exceptionally, summa cum laude may be awarded.

Philippines[edit]

In the Philippines, junior high school and senior high school students under the new K–12 curriculum use an honor system using Filipino translations of the Latin original. Students who achieve a final grade average of 90-94 are awarded the title May Karangalan (cum laude) and will receive a bronze medal with the DepEd seal. Those who have a final grade average of 95–97 receive the title of May Mataas na Karangalan (magna cum laude) and a silver medal with the same seal. Students with a final grade average of 98-100 shall be awarded the title of May Pinakamataas na Karangalan (summa cum laude) and a gold medal with the same specification. In college, students are referred to as cum laude, magna cum laude and summa cum laude, respectively.^[9]

Russia[edit]

In Russia, the honor system is based on the grade point average. At least 4.75 out of 5.0 points are required for the summa cum laude degree (in Russian, с отличием s otlichiem, «with excellence»).^[10] The graduate has to receive a perfect grade on all final examinations. Usually less than 2% of all graduating students accomplish this (depending on the university and year). In military schools, a «red diploma» may be accompanied by a gold medal (summa cum laude) for outstanding performance. Russian high schools also award a gold medal to the student who achieves a perfect score in all final examinations and in all other subjects not requiring a final exam. A silver medal is awarded to high school students who have one or two grades of 4 (Russian: хорошо horosho, «good», being second highest grade) on their final exams or other subjects as listed in the high school diploma (аттестат о (полном) среднем образовании attestat o (polnom) srednem obrazovanii).

Singapore[edit]

In Singapore, the Latin honors, cum laude, magna cum laude and summa cum laude are used by Singapore Management University. Graduates from Singapore Management University have to achieve GPAs of 3.4, 3.6 and 3.8 out of 4.3 (SMU awards 4.3 for A+ grades) respectively and without any exceptions to qualify for the Latin honors.

It is also used by Yale-NUS College, with the top 5% of a graduating class receiving summa cum laude, the next 10% magna cum laude, and the next 20% cum laude. There are no CAP^{[clarification needed]} requirements to achieve the Latin honors at Yale-NUS College.^[11]

South Africa[edit]

In South Africa, the Latin honors cum laude is used for bachelor’s degrees and master’s degrees, and is awarded to students who has achieved an average grade of 70% or higher throughout the degree. Cum laude in South Africa can be considered broadly equivalent to a first class degree in the United Kingdom or a GPA of 3.7–4.0 in the United States.

Spain[edit]

In Spain, the Latin honors cum laude is used for PhD degrees only, and is awarded after a secret vote of the jury members, using envelopes that must be opened in a separate session, and requiring unanimity.

Switzerland[edit]

In Switzerland, the degrees rite, cum laude, magna cum laude, insigni cum laude («distinguished with praise»), and summa cum laude are used, but the exact GPA corresponding to each varies by institution.

Ukraine[edit]

In Ukraine, the university education honor system is based on by-law # 161 (2 June 1993) of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine (3.12.3.5). For a student to graduate from a university with a diploma with honors (cum laude), students have to receive mark 5 (excellent) at least on 75% of courses, receive mark 4 (good) at max 25% of courses, and pass the state exams only with mark 5 (excellent). Also, students are expected to have participated in research projects with visible results.^[12]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, concerning Latin honors §15, in German